Fast features for face authentication under illumination direction changes

In this letter we propose a facial feature extraction technique which utilizes polynomial coefficients derived from 2D Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT) coefficients obtained from horizontally and vertically neighbouring blocks. Face authentication results on the VidTIMIT database suggest that the proposed feature set is superior (in terms of robustness to illumination changes and discrimination ability) to features extracted using four popular methods: Principal Component Analysis (PCA), PCA with histogram equalization pre-processing, 2D DCT and 2D Gabor wavelets; the results also suggest that histogram equalization pre-processing increases the error rate and offers no help against illumination changes. Moreover, the proposed feature set is over 80 times faster to compute than features based on Gabor wavelets. Further experiments on the Weizmann database also show that the proposed approach is more robust than 2D Gabor wavelets and 2D DCT coefficients. 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.